Industrial revolution

The industrial novelty was a succession of drastic lurch over and transformation from use of paw excessivelyls and hand do items to machine-make and mass spend a pennyd genuines. This change gener wholey aided smell, precisely similarly hindered it as well. Pollution, much(prenominal) as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of women and clawren expireing add. The brass, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans elbow room of looking at animation all changed during the consequence.Two rotations took place, both resulting in productive, and withal dire onsequences. The industrial noveltys impact on europium want the mechanization of the material industries, the ontogenesis of iron-making techniques and the change magnitude use of graceful scorch. Trade expansion was enabled by the initiation of canals, change roadstead and rail focuss. The industrial revolution provided both the robot st andardised locomotive engine of attainment and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to thunder and the go away to expand, fed straightaway into imperialism.Marxist Theory in like manner do a extensive because it developed mixerism and fabianism, by placing more than(prenominal) vehemence on value, rather than generating profit. Before the origin industrial novelty, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers bought sensitive materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and arrest the goods at their home. It was usually owned and managed by one or more volume, who were in general close to the trimers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalist economy (Wyatt 7).This industry was efficient only if the workers productivity was low and it do costs high. The farseeinger it took one soulfulness to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequentl y, goods ere more expensive and exclusive and to the wealthy sight. In 1733, the get hold of for like cloth was high, however intersection was low. This crisis had to be solved or Englands economy would be hindered. The get a yearn came from a British weaver, commode Kay, who invented and forge the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. mess Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13).Although at number one galore(postnominal) workers didnt get into machines, in fact, many an(prenominal) inventions were destroyed. But what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. the 1750s, the industrial re spick-and-spanal had be shoot. At run intoshoot, inventions were strictly bound to like plant weaving. Inventions such as the spinning jenny ass and the water- positioned frame, both of which provided spinning yarn rapid, the spinning mule, the spring loom and the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by speedi ng up the touch (Wyatt 35). Mass production had begun, along with capitalism.Capitalists, people who have their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired people to run the machines and maintain manufacturing goods. The factory organization had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and affordable to more people. The quality of confirm had alter. In the 1800s, inventions werent Just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use from rivers and sources of water, to exposit (Wyatt 58).The First industrial alteration merged into the support industrial variety around 1850, when technical and stinting progress gained momentum with the increase of steam powered ships and rail shipway, and, riper in the nineteenth blow, with the nternal electrocution engine and elect rical power generation. The torrent of scientific innovation and sequent social transformation continued end-to-end the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of human life circumstances (Beard 25).Today, antithetic move of the conception remain at different stages in the industrial gyration with any(prenominal) of the countries behind in foothold of industrial development being in a position, through and through with(predicate) adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog over starchy some more advanced countries that are now locked into the base of an earlier engine room. The first industrial rotation had forever changed England, and afterwardswards the world. England was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society.The succor Industrial Revolution proved more drastic not simply in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms. Art and civilization flourished and was transformed in to many different and unique styles. The uphold Industrial Revolution utilized the power of electrical energy to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. This concept and doctrine is still use today. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light and electrical energy to power machines (Thomas).Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The telephone and telegraph were the first communicatory devices that were for public use (Thomas). With the development of technology, tuner waves were discovered (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Advances in science were alike made. The disco actually(prenominal) of radioactivity by Marie curie apply radioactivity as a power source, but overly led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical compounds were broken win (Beard 45).Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be widely employ as an alternate zilch source (Beard 46). Gasoline was also implyed for transportation, which prepared from steam engines to the national combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the need for public transportation because people could own a their own cars. During this time, another a new technology was innate(p) in the field of transportation.Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at tummy Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, medicine before the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. at one time infection set in, nothing was practicable to save the patient. Various diseases couldnt be stopped or controlled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were discovered and administered. X rays wer e also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of diagnosing medical problems.Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves heating the milk to slow the fermentation service (Clare 23). and plants evolve from a scorn species. He also developed the concept of Social Darwinism that the strongest survive. some people contend his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the Industrial Revolution. batch were nutrition in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, oft like their place of work (Hudson 45-46).Children and women roiled in harsh conditions, functional long hours with bittie deport (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control child outwear (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, oddly wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to substantiation out of it s issues. It was called the laissez-faire dust (Hudson 56-57). Many people contrasted the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a a few(prenominal) eld, and it is still used today.Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists tormentted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, and beauty. It showed more of how people matte up at one moment in time. Realism well-tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to construct a better life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a cloth mill, whose reforms reshaped the workss year.He raised pay, improved working conditions, and didnt allow children jr. than eleven to work. Dire ctly elated to Owens reforms, detestation and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, started the class argue (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that occur in history. The Industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were living in filth, working unthinkable hours and being paid very slender.The revolution shaped modern society to what it is today. As Rousseau said, politeness fuck ups people (Montagna), but did people spoil civilization by implementing machines to do our work? The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave Europeans the ability to mass produce weapons and technologies.This gave turn up to a nee d to exporting manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic System (which was in its final days) export regions were curbn as colonies to be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the standard of living of Europeans, which lead to an increase value in how they saw their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and go to annex regions to improve their culture.This mentality was encapsulated by the White Mans marrow (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also emblematic of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reason out that only powerful empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution profoundly helped the United States and occidental Europe, in that location were few consequences with the Industrial produced so much fewer bet ter people than Europe or pairing America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late.Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British middle class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as unspoken as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were second-rate people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought spacious greed from big businesses run by people like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers demanded longer working hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) .There were harsh conditions and no regulations that protected the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Cl are 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental pollution laws. Factories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and liberately dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its make are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world.Due to the Industrial Revolution, many Western European nations, particularly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and weak civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an easy way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it ad a devastating effect on the people living there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a study turning point in Earths ecology and humans relationship with their environment.The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every(pren ominal) aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the worlds psyche would not begin to register until the early 1960s, some cc years after its beginnings. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on inherent resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The flak of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, virtually every aspect of daily life was at long last influenced in some way.It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of refined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled in the main by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in roduction capacity (Doty 3). The developm ent of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was enormous (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new hours of perseverance dominated by a pace set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place.Pre- industrial society was very static and often cruelchild labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were Just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely responsibl e for the rise of the modern city, as large verse of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The transition to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English workers known as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories.Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in cosmos and culture it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in comparatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the contemptibility of the lives of he workers. Poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets. These homes share toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67).The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or allot unions to help a dvance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. They forced employers to decide between heavy(p) in to the union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the ost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (cornck 45).During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in capital of the United Kingdom who died before the age of five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730-1749, to 31. 8% in 1810-1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker wages during the period 1813-1913 (cornck 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the opulation of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 cardinal from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.The population of England had more than doubled from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had about doubled again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britains population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europes population doubled during the 18th century, from more or less 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to around 400 million (Corrick 58).The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe elsewhere, as new opportunities attracted long verse of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a fgure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the twenty-first century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a market town of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2 . 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a ample impact on the United States and Western Europe.We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such proficiency we wouldnt have these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, separately generation of people economic wealth was fairly stagnant. aft(prenominal) industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had domineering effects, but quite a few had invalidating effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive because many resulted in inventions that improved the uality of life for most people.Social changes had both positive and shun impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws.Industrial revol utionThe Industrial Revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from use of hand tools and handmade items to machine-made and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans way of looking at life all changed during the period.Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive, but also dire onsequences. The Industrial Revolutions impact on Europe like the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expa nd and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism.Marxist Theory also made a huge because it developed socialism and communism, by placing more emphasis on value, rather than generating profit. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers bought raw materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually owned and managed by one or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalism (Wyatt 7).This industry was efficient but the workers productivity was low and it made costs higher. The longer it took one person to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods ere more expensive and exclusive only to the wealthy people. In 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or Englands economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13).Although at first many workers didnt accept machines, in fact, many inventions were destroyed. But what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. the 1750s, the Industrial Revolution had begun. At first, inventions were strictly limited to cotton weaving. Inventions such as the spinning Jenny and the water- powered frame, both of which provided spinning yarn faster, the spinning mule, the power loom and the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by speeding up the process (Wyatt 35). Mass production had begun, along with capitalism.Capitalists, people who have their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired people to run the machines and produce manufacturing goods. The factory system had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and affordable to more people. The quality of life had improved. In the 1800s, inventions werent Just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use from rivers and sources of water, to thrive (Wyatt 58).The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam powered ships and railways, and, later in the nineteenth century, with the nternal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The torrent of technological innovation and subsequent social transformation continued throughout the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of human life circumstances (Beard 25).Today, different parts of the world remain at different stages in the Industrial Revolution with some of t he countries behind in terms of industrial development being in a position, through adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog over even some more advanced countries that are now locked into the infrastructure of an earlier technology. The first Industrial Revolution had forever changed England, and later the world. England was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society.The second Industrial Revolution proved more drastic not only in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms. Art and culture flourished and was transformed into many different and unique styles. The second Industrial Revolution utilized the power of electricity to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. This concept and principle is still used today. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light and electricity to power machines ( Thomas).Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The telephone and telegraph were the first intercourseal devices that were for public use (Thomas). With the development of technology, radio waves were discovered (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Advances in science were also made. The discovery of radioactivity by Marie Curie used radioactivity as a power source, but also led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical compounds were broken down (Beard 45).Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be widely used as an alternate energy source (Beard 46). Gasoline was also needed for transportation, which evolved from steam engines to the internal combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the need for public transportation because people could own a their ow n cars. During this time, another a new technology was born in the field of transportation.Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, medicine before the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. Once infection set in, nothing was possible to save the patient. Various diseases couldnt be stopped or controlled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were discovered and administered. X rays were also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of diagnosing medical problems.Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves heating the milk to slow the fermentation process (Clare 23). and plants evolve from a lower species. He also developed the concept of Social Darwinism that the strongest survive. Many people contest ed his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the Industrial Revolution. People were living in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, much like their place of work (Hudson 45-46).Children and women labored in harsh conditions, working long hours with little pay (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control child labor (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, especially wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to stay out of its issues. It was called the laissez-faire system (Hudson 56-57). Many people opposed the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a few years, and it is still used today.Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists painted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, an d beauty. It showed more of how people felt at one moment in time. Realism tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to construct a better life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a textile mill, whose reforms reshaped the working class.He raised pay, improved working conditions, and didnt allow children younger than eleven to work. Directly elated to Owens reforms, crime and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, started the class struggle (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that occur in history. The Industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were living in filth, working unthinkable hours and being paid very little.The revolution shaped modern society to what it is today. As Rousseau said, Civilization spoils people (Montagna), but did people spoil civilization by implementing machines to do our work? The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave Europeans the ability to mass produce weapons and technologies.This gave rise to a need to export manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic System (which was in its final days) export regions were taken as colonies to be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the standard of living of Europeans, which lead to an increased value in how they saw their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and moved to a nnex regions to improve their culture.This mentality was encapsulated by the White Mans Burden (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also symbolic of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reasoned that only powerful empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution significantly helped the United States and Western Europe, there were few consequences with the Industrial produced so much fewer educated people than Europe or North America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late.Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British middle class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as hard as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were average people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought massive greed from big businesses run by people like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers demanded longer working hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) .There were harsh conditions and no regulations that protected the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Clare 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental pollution laws. Factories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and freely dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its effects are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world.Due to the Industrial Revolution, many Western European nations, particularly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and wea k civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an easy way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it ad a devastating effect on the people living there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earths ecology and humans relationship with their environment.The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the worlds psyche would not begin to register until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way.It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, th e development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of refined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in roduction capacity (Doty 3). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was enormous (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for emplo yment in the new hours of labor dominated by a pace set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place.Pre- industrial society was very static and often cruelchild labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were Just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The transition to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English workers known as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories.Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and teaching it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution v aried from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the squalor of the lives of he workers. Poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets. These homes share toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67).The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. They forced employers to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the ost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (cornck 45).During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who died before t he age of five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730-1749, to 31. 8% in 1810-1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker wages during the period 1813-1913 (cornck 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the opulation of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740.The population of England had more than doubled from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britains population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europes population doubled during the 18th century, from roughly 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to around 400 million (Corrick 58).The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe elsewhere, as ne w opportunities attracted huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a fgure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the 21st century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a market town of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2. 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on the United States and Western Europe.We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such advancement we wouldnt have these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, each generation of people economic wealth was fairly stagnant. After industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had positive effects, but quite a few had negative effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive becau se many resulted in inventions that improved the uality of life for most people.Social changes had both positive and negative impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws.Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution led to new ways of organizing human labor, more enterprises, growth of energy and power, faster forms of transportation, higher productivity and more (Cole et al. 451). The first revolution began in the north of Britain in 1 760 and ended in 1850. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain, because its kitchen-gardening was more commercialese than nap. Veer else, because of its empire, trade networks and transportations of rivers and canals (Cole et al. 452). Because the first Industrial Revolution made such a huge impact, there was a second one as well.The Second Industrial Revolution was based off of innovation in brace, electricity, an d chemicals in Germany (Cole et al. 48). It began in 1870 and ended in 1914. This revolution was a larger phased that occurred during human race War l, and it had a lot of different advances as well. The first Industrial Revolution began with a technological leap which was cotton textiles (Cole et al. 453). There were many inventions that came along that helped the process of cotton. The spinning jenny that was invented by pack Harvests, could produce up to six to twenty-four times more yarn than a hand spinster could (Cole et al. 53). There was also a spinning mule that could produce than more yarn than a spinner. The cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney could separate the cotton seeds from the fiber thus it could speed up the process and also reduced the price (Cole et al. 453). These machines were placed by water that could be used to power them, and eventually there were more mills being built where they could be used by steam (Cole et al. 453). There were a lot of cotton texti les on the world market that came from this.Interchangeable parts included the gun-making and the standardized patterns of a gun by Honoree Labeled (Identical). Not only did Eli Whitney produce the cotton gin, but he also produces 1 0,000 guns within two years (Identical). Coal and iron were used as heating sources, and also used for railroads. Railroads were created for people to travel long distances. The second Industrial Revolution had a lot of different advances that ranged from steel to communication and also medicine. Germany was the top of chemical advances that included the increase demand of dyes, fabrics and soap (Identical).The medicine during this time was bad. They needed better healthcare because there were more dangers in the workplace caused from people violateing themselves and also by small pox and cholera (Identical). If someone didnt take a shower or rinse off themselves good, they loud get miasma, which was a bad odor that causes diseases (Identical). The adv ances they made were building hospitals so people could go to, Pharmaceuticals such as aspirins and et cetera so it could help ease the pain for the people who were hurt (Identical).They could be hurt by the new explosives that were being made to any of the diseases that they could peradventure get. Automobiles also became a huge technological advance, because they had internal combustion engines that would start off as a one cylinder and then could go to a 4 cylinder. Diesel engines came along and new markets such as rubber for tires and gasoline. The development of electricity brought the idea of telegraphs where you could send messages mainly by Morris code and/or power (Identical). Editions bulb was also developed, but it was costly.The alternating current was the easy use of electricity at a good cost. The skill of communication advanced by undersea cables that transported messages far distances, the telephone that was invented by Alexander Gram-Bell where there was voice over wires, and also by radios which started with short distances. The biggest and important advances that came about during the second Industrial Revolution were economy and ions. Corporations in the economy were funded by the wealthy in which it replaced gills, and sold filiation to investors. Identical). There was limited liability so that people could own their own private boards. There were unions also being formed and workers could get replaced in the blink of an eye, which also brought along strikes. All of the classes were impacted, but the second Industrial Revolution had a huge effect on the working-class families, women and the middle class. Women had to rely on men for money, because they stayed home and took care of it and their children speckle the men worked.The working-class families had to have a way to support each other, and sometimes children even started working to earn some income for the family. The middle class were wealthy from the Industrial Revolution becaus e they invested well and also prospered (Identical). The lower middle class, who were not working every day, they became a full-blooded middle class by education (Identical). The first and Second Industrial Revolution was very significant to European Civilization in many different ways. It brought about many technological, social, and cultural advances to everyone with the tremendous mensuration of production increase.Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution led to new ways of organizing human labor, more enterprises, growth of energy and power, faster forms of transportation, higher productivity and more (Cole et al. 451). The first revolution began in the north of Britain in 1 760 and ended in 1850. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain, because its agriculture was more commercialese than nap. Veer else, because of its empire, trade networks and transportations of rivers and canals (Cole et al. 452). Because the first Industrial Revolution made su ch a huge impact, there was a second one as well.The Second Industrial Revolution was based off of innovation in steel, electricity, and chemicals in Germany (Cole et al. 48). It began in 1870 and ended in 1914. This revolution was a larger phased that occurred during World War l, and it had a lot of different advances as well. The first Industrial Revolution began with a technological leap which was cotton textiles (Cole et al. 453). There were many inventions that came along that helped the process of cotton. The spinning jenny that was invented by James Harvests, could produce up to six to twenty-four times more yarn than a hand spinner could (Cole et al. 53). There was also a spinning mule that could produce than more yarn than a spinner. The cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney could separate the cotton seeds from the fiber therefore it could speed up the process and also reduced the price (Cole et al. 453). These machines were placed by water that could be used to power them, an d eventually there were more mills being built where they could be used by steam (Cole et al. 453). There were a lot of cotton textiles on the world market that came from this.Interchangeable parts included the gun-making and the standardized patterns of a gun by Honoree Labeled (Identical). Not only did Eli Whitney produce the cotton gin, but he also produces 1 0,000 guns within two years (Identical). Coal and iron were used as heating sources, and also used for railroads. Railroads were created for people to travel long distances. The second Industrial Revolution had a lot of different advances that ranged from steel to communication and also medicine. Germany was the top of chemical advances that included the increase demand of dyes, fabrics and soap (Identical).The medicine during this time was bad. They needed better healthcare because there were more dangers in the workplace caused from people hurting themselves and also by small pox and cholera (Identical). If someone didnt t ake a shower or wash themselves good, they loud get miasma, which was a bad odor that causes diseases (Identical). The advances they made were building hospitals so people could go to, Pharmaceuticals such as aspirins and et cetera so it could help ease the pain for the people who were hurt (Identical).They could be hurt by the new explosives that were being made to any of the diseases that they could possibly get. Automobiles also became a huge technological advance, because they had internal combustion engines that would start off as a one cylinder and then could go to a 4 cylinder. Diesel engines came along and new markets such as rubber for tires and gasoline. The development of electricity brought the idea of telegraphs where you could send messages mainly by Morris code and/or power (Identical). Editions bulb was also developed, but it was costly.The alternating current was the easy use of electricity at a good cost. The skill of communication advanced by undersea cables that transported messages far distances, the telephone that was invented by Alexander Gram-Bell where there was voice over wires, and also by radios which started with short distances. The biggest and important advances that came about during the second Industrial Revolution were economy and ions. Corporations in the economy were funded by the wealthy in which it replaced gills, and sold stock to investors. Identical). There was limited liability so that people could own their own private boards. There were unions also being formed and workers could get replaced in the blink of an eye, which also brought along strikes. All of the classes were impacted, but the second Industrial Revolution had a huge effect on the working-class families, women and the middle class. Women had to rely on men for money, because they stayed home and took care of it and their children while the men worked.The working-class families had to have a way to support each other, and sometimes children even started wo rking to earn some income for the family. The middle class were wealthy from the Industrial Revolution because they invested well and also prospered (Identical). The lower middle class, who were not working every day, they became a solid middle class by education (Identical). The first and Second Industrial Revolution was very significant to European Civilization in many different ways. It brought about many technological, social, and cultural advances to everyone with the tremendous amount of production increase.Industrial Revolution