Case Study: Coke India

Please read it carefully and weigh the important of the information as you try to advise Coke Indian's President, Sansei Guppy. Organizing your paper – use these steps to complete your paper. The requirements include a number of â€Å"worksheets† designed to help you write a great case. The worksheets should be attached to the end of the case. Worksheets: The case ends on page 13 (before the extra and supporting material) with a series of decisions that Coke India President Sansei Guppy needs to make.First, putting yourself in President Septa's shoes, identify the key decisions that he needs to make and make a list. What basic choices are possible? Attach it to your completed paper. Next, create a stakeholders analysis Identifying the parties who have an Interest In this case. Evaluate whether you need to add or subtract from this list. Attach it to your completed paper. (See â€Å"How to Construct a Stakeholder Analysis†) Case Analysis: Examine your â€Å"decis ion list† and analyze your decision options from an ethical standpoint.Keep the stakeholders In mind. Apply each of the three perspectives for making an ethical decision featured In the Decked chapter and the class readings: utilitarianism, profit minimization, and universalism. You are free to apply additional decision-making models from the Decked chapter. Indicate what each of the three perspectives you would choose as the ethical course of action and why. Utilitarian Analysis: Following the Instructions provided in the handout â€Å"How to construct a utilitarian stakeholder analysis. Please make sure you use the lists of stakeholders and decisions to check your work to make sure you are thorough. Attach the utilitarian analysis to your completed paper. Support your reasoning by using any of the appropriate readings, from honesty and integrity to corporate social responsibility ideas from Friedman, Stout and Ma (as irruption to be useful. [When in doubt, Just look at the course calendar] Decisions and Conclusions: Clearly indicate final decision(s) that you would make, and the degree to which each decision is consistent with each ethical perspective.Be as detailed in possible in describing the decision(s) you would make and/or the action(s) you would take. If one or more of the perspectives disagrees with your decision, indicate why you do not choose to follow the guidance of that perspective(s). State what is wrong with the perspective for you, either in the context of the decision, ND/or simply for you as the decision maker. Again, back up your reasoning don't Just state your opinion or hope I will guess what you are referring to – try using the PAP citation method, such as: (Friedman, p. 9) Length: Approximately 4-6 double-spaced pages, 12-point font and I-inch margins. It will be difficult to present an analysis of sufficient depth in less than 4 pages. The upload link allows for you to upload your essay as an attachment. Please do not cu t and paste it into the Submission part of the form. Your grade will be based on the Analysis Paper Rubric provided with the Course Expectations and the Course Calendar. In short: Analytical rigor: depth and complexity in analysis using class readings. To get good grade on this paper (I. . , A or B), you need to apply the ethical perspectives (I. E. , utilitarianism, profit minimization, universalism) in depth. This will require a thorough understanding of the ethical perspectives. If after reviewing the assigned readings (especially the Decked chapter) you do not feel you possess this depth of understanding, you should contact me so that we can go over the ethical perspectives to enhance your understanding. Proofreading and Writing: spelling, grammar, sentence construction as well as clarity, and cohesion.

Legal, Ethical and Operational Issues

P5 Explain the legal and ethical issues in relation to the use of business information Definition: Ethics concern an individual's moral judgments about right and wrong. Explanation: Business information belongs to the business owner and any kind of use of the business related information should be used as per the company policy. There are legal consequences in breaking the rules (code of conduct ; code of practice). Staff member needs to use his/her ethical judgement to decide what is right or wrong.Scenario – Update of Staff Handbook on ethical and legal issues in relation to the use of business information. Illegal, inappropriate or unacceptable use of school equipment or communication systems may result in disciplinary action and in serious cases could lead to an employee's dismissal. This list is not exhaustive and includes; ? creating, sending or forwarding any message that would reasonably be considered inappropriate or unacceptable. (E. g. anything non related to school ) ? Committing or implying commitment to any contractual arrangements ?Accessing, publication or circulation of illegal, offensive, unacceptable, inappropriate or non-work related material ? Any illegal activities ? posting confidential information about the school and/or other employees, children or parents ? gambling or gaming ? unauthorised use of school facilities (or employee's personal IT equipment), for personal use during employee's working time Employees receiving inappropriate communication or material or who are unsure about whether something he/she proposes to do might breach this policy should seek advice from their Head teacher.The school has the right to monitor e-mails, phone-calls, internet activity or document production, principally in order to avoid offensive or nuisance material and to protect systems from viruses, but also to ensure proper and effective use of systems. Communication systems may be accessed when the school suspects that the employee has been mis using systems or facilities, or for the investigation of suspected fraud or other irregularity. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SCHOOL EMPLOYEES 12. Social networking websites. School employees must not access social networking websites for personal use (e. . Facebook) during work time. Access to some journals, blogs and social networking sites is permitted during work time for the purposes of undertaking job related duties only. School employees must act in the best interests of the school and not disclose personal data or information about any individual including staff, young people or children. This includes images. Access may be withdrawn and disciplinary action taken if there is a breach of confidentiality or defamatory remarks are made about the school, staff, young people or children. The school respects an employee's private life.However, it must also ensure that confidentiality and its reputation are protected. Employees using social networking websites in their private life; 1. Must refrain from identifying themselves as working for the school, in a way which has, or may have, the effect of bringing the school into disrepute. 2. Must not identify other school employees, children or young people without their consent. 3. Must not make any defamatory remarks about the school, it's employees, children or young people, or conduct themselves in a way that is detrimental to the school. . Disclose personal data or information about the school, employees, children or young people, that could breach the Data Protection Act 1998, for example, posting photographs or images of children or young people. 5. Must not allow pupils to access their personal social networking accounts and where they are contacted by a pupil they should bring it to the Head teacher’s attention. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SCHOOL EMPLOYEES 13. Personal Websites and BlogsEmployees who wish to set up personal web forums, weblogs or ‘blogs' must do so outside of work, not school equipment and adh ere to the points detailed in the paragraph above. 14. Confidentiality All employees at the school and the Governing Body come into contact with a significant volume of data and information in relation to pupils, staff, school activities and many other matters. There is an obligation to read and to observe the requirements of the Data Protection Act 1998. 14. 1 Required reading:  · Data Protection Guide – available on intranet. 14. 2 Managing dataUnder the Data Protection Act, staff are required to collect, maintain and dispose of sensitive or personal data in a responsible manner. 14. 3 Disclosing data Staff should not disclose sensitive information about the school, its employees or the local authority to other parties, for example, parents or colleagues. There are particular exceptions to this; for example disclosure of suspected or alleged abuse of a pupil to Child Protection officers; discussion with a person accompanying or representing an employee in a formal meeting or disclosure under the Whistleblowing Procedure.All communication with the media must be directed through the Head teacher or their nominee. There are circumstances in which staff are obliged to release pupil data, for example, parents seeking information about pupil progress or other colleagues in the school. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SCHOOL EMPLOYEES 14. 4 Access to data Everyone has the right to request access to data that is held about them and such requests should be made to the Head teacher who will address the request in conjunction with the Local Authority’s Data Protection Officer. 15.Copyright Copyright legislation should be displayed next to photocopier machines and employees are required to adhere to the guidance provided about use of educational resources. P6 Operational Issues in relation to the use of Business information. Operational issues are how to keep your business information safe and secure. It involves legal support to protect the rights of the business to keep its information safe and prevent misuse. Below are the different types of laws that protect the use of Business information. Data Protection Act –Computer Misuse Act Freedom of Information Act Copyright Act The need for the Data Protection Act This was introduced to regulate personal data. Databases are easily accessed, searched and edited. It’s also far easier to cross reference information stored in two or more databases than if the records were paper-based. The computers on which databases resided were often networked. This allowed for organization-wide access to databases and offered an easy way to share information with other organizations. Computer Misuse ActData stored electronically is easier to misuse; that software should not be copied without permission; the consequences of software piracy; that hacking can lead to corruption of data, either accidentally or on purpose. Types of computer misuse Misuse of computers and communications systems comes in sev eral forms: Hacking Hacking is where an unauthorised person uses a network, Internet or modem connection to gain access past security passwords or other security to see data stored on another computer. Hackers sometimes use software hacking tools and often target, for example, particular sites on the Internet.Data misuse and unauthorised transfer or copying Copying and illegal transfer of data is very quick and easy using online computers and large storage devices such as hard disks, memory sticks and DVDs. Personal data, company research and written work, such as novels and textbooks, cannot be copied without the copyright holder's permission. Copying and distributing copyrighted software, music and film This includes copying music and movies with computer equipment and distributing it on the Internet without the copyright holder's permission.This is a widespread misuse of both computers and the Internet that breaks copyright regulations. Identity and financial abuses This topic in cludes misuse of stolen or fictional credit card numbers to obtain goods or services on the Internet, and use of computers in financial frauds. These can range from complex well thought out deceptions to simple uses such as printing counterfeit money with colour printers. Viruses Viruses are relatively simple programs written by people and designed to cause nuisance or damage to computers or their files. The Computer Misuse Act (1990)This was passed by Parliament and made three new offences: Accessing computer material without permission, eg looking at someone else's files Accessing computer material without permission with intent to commit further criminal offences, eg hacking into the bank's computer and wanting to increase the amount in your account Altering computer data without permission, eg writing a virus to destroy someone else's data, or actually changing the money in an account Copyright law This provides protection to the owners of the copyright and covers the copying of written, musical, or film works using computers.FAST is the industry body which is against software theft. There have been cases where laws such as Copyright have been used to crack down on file sharing websites or individuals who store and illegally distribute copyrighted material, e. g. music. There is a massive problem with many people around the world obtaining copyrighted material illegally. M2 Analyze the legal, ethical and operational issues in relation to the use of business information, using appropriate examples. Ethical, Legal and Operational issues in relation to the use of business information Advantages of Ethical, Legal and Operational issuesEthical, Legal and Operational issues in relation to the use of business information in the market place and workplace are becoming increasingly important as organizations move into a period of intense competition for public and consumer support. Therefore, there is a requirement to protect the business information which comes un der operational issues. The business information is protected with the legal laws Organizations are under pressure to develop and maintain policies on business ethics and social responsibility to ensure that they have the support of employees and other stakeholders. Legal Ethical ; Operational) Code of Conduct The how that determines our actions Deutsche Post DHL has devised a code of conduct that has applied to all regions and divisions since the middle of 2006. This code of conduct serves as an â€Å"ethical compass†, providing guidelines for use by about 470,000 employees in their business lives every day. The key pillars of this code of conduct are respect, tolerance, honesty and candor as well as willingness to assume social responsibility.The guidelines apply to all employees, irrespective of their place in the Group's hierarchy, and to divisions. The code of conduct is based on international agreements and guidelines, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Global Compact of the United Nations. Fundamental principles are observance of human rights, equal opportunity, transparency, and clear stands in the battle against discrimination, bribery and corruption. What is Correct Conduct?Deutsche Post DHL deals with a variety of people and organizations who are our stakeholders. Our image as a company depends on how employees conduct themselves in the business world. There is no substitute for personal integrity and sound judgment. When faced with a difficult situation, our employees should consider these questions: 1. Is my action or decision legal? 2. Does it comply with our values and our policies? 3. Is it right and free of any personal conflicts of interest? 4. Could my action or decision withstand public review? What would it look like in a newspaper? 5.Will my action or decision protect the Group's reputation as a company with high ethical standards? If the answe r to each question is â€Å"yes†, the action or decision based on the following principles of conduct is most likely the correct one. Our Ethical Commitment Quality Focus Our commitment to quality is core to our business. In order to achieve the highest quality standards, we will work constantly to improve our structures and processes for the benefit of our customers. This applies to our products, services and management, but also to our behavior. Customer SatisfactionWe place the highest priority on making our customers successful, knowing that customer success guarantees our own success. Our activities are governed by our knowledge of the global and local requirements of our customers and markets. We include and prioritize the customer focus in all our business processes, projects and dealings. We know that we will be measured by our ethical, social and environmental performance as much as by the quality of our service. We therefore strive for best practice in all these are as to secure customer trust. Laws and Ethical StandardsGuided by our Corporate Values, we strive for sustainable development of our business founded on the three pillars: economic performance, environmental stewardship and social responsibility. We will honor the diverse interests of our customers, employees and business partners with integrity, fairness and honesty. We strive for excellence in both our business performance and our ethical behavior. Deutsche Post DHL complies with laws applicable to its business in all regions and countries. We recognize that laws vary with respect to ethical standards within and across the countries in which we work.This may pose particular challenges and dilemmas, which we strive to overcome by adherence to our Corporate Values. Deutsche Post DHL will be guided by the principles of the United Nations' Global Compact. We respect human rights within our sphere of influence and conduct our business in a manner that makes us an employer of choice. We respect the principles of the 1998 International Labor Organization's â€Å"Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work† in accordance with national law and practice. Transparency We are committed to openness in our dealings with our stakeholders.Transparency and honesty shall be the guiding principles in all our communication activities, internally and externally. The public will have access to information concerning our company, in line with what is required or recommended by internationally recognized standards of corporate governance. Accounting and Reporting Standards Deutsche Post DHL relies on the authenticity and accuracy of information recorded in its accounting records for proper decision making. It is of the utmost importance that records dealing with security and personnel, as well as booking and financial data are protected.All business transactions must be reflected accurately in our accounts in accordance with established procedures and auditing st andards. Accounting records will reflect and describe the nature of the underlying transactions. Money Laundering Deutsche Post DHL complies strictly with laws and regulations designed to combat money laundering activity. This includes those rules and regulations requiring reporting of currency transactions with blocked persons. Our Standard of Working Together Individual Responsibility and Involvement The skills and the commitment of our people are our greatest asset.We expect our employees to conduct their business in an entrepreneurial way and accept their individual responsibility. We strive to involve our colleagues in our projects and decision-making processes in order to achieve our common goals with reliability and commitment. Mutual Respect and Openness All relations between directors, managers and employees of all levels, units and regions shall be guided by mutual respect, openness, honesty and the spirit of trust and cooperation. We give and look for feedback and we comm unicate actively and openly with each other. We are committed to a fair and open debate and seek varying opinions.We motivate our colleagues to speak up promptly and to express their ideas and concerns. Team spirit is triggered by open-mindedness. We therefore support an open door policy and initiatives to share and exchange knowledge. Diversity and Discrimination We see employee diversity as a guiding principle in our employment policy. This means promoting the diversity and heterogeneity of the individuals in the company in order to attain the highest possible productivity, creativity and efficiency. Skills, performance and ethical conduct shall be our only indicators for employee qualification.We will not discriminate or tolerate discrimination with respect to gender, race, religion, age, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or any other characteristic protected under law. Each employee is required to contribute to an environment of respect that precludes any kind of h arassment, including workplace bullying, unwelcome sexual advances, unwanted physical contact, propositions or a working environment poisoned with harassing jokes, words and demeaning comments. Health Management Our employees deserve to work in a safe and healthy environment.We are therefore committed to the workplace health and safety regulations expressed in our health and safety policies. We strive to foster the physical and psychological â€Å"well being† of our employees. Our goals are both fewer illnesses and a lower accident rate. We promote health care as a key element of our sustained productivity and the quality of our services. Our health and safety policies, active in all locations throughout the world, include a ban of illegal drugs in the workplace. We prohibit any kind of violence and assault at the workplace, including threatening and intimidating behavior. Company PropertyThe use of company property, including labor, supplies, equipment, buildings or other as sets for personal benefit is prohibited where not explicitly allowed by agreement. Each employee has a responsibility to safeguard and make proper use of Deutsche Post DHL property. Intellectual property is a valuable asset and must be protected from unauthorized use or disclosure. Such property includes trade secrets, confidential information, copyrights, trademarks, logos, but also customer lists, business opportunities and product specifications, whether owned by Deutsche Post DHL-affiliated companies or business partners.Legal Proceedings Employees must avoid activities that could involve or lead to involvement of Deutsche Post DHL or its personnel in any unlawful practice, including the employment of our personnel or use of company assets for illegal gain. Lawsuits, legal proceedings and investigations concerning Deutsche Post DHL must be handled quickly and properly in order to protect and defend the company. Employees who are threatened by a lawsuit or other legal proceedings or investigation in a business-related matter are required to contact their Deutsche Post DHL Legal Department immediately.Insider Information Any person with inside information is prohibited by law to buy or sell Deutsche Post DHL stock by using this information. Employees are at risk of civil and criminal penalties should they disclose nonpublic information that an investor could use to buy or sell securities. Trading with such information is illegal whether employees trade for their own benefit or others trade for them. Our Business Integrity Shareholders' Trust We recognize the necessity of sound and transparent corporate management to maintain the trust of our shareholders and investors. We are committed to ncreasing shareholder value. Business Partner Dialogue We are committed to dialogue and partnership with our business partners in many communities throughout the world. We share principles of ethical behavior, social engagement and respect for the environment with our suppl iers, subcontractors, agents and consultants. We will communicate our principles to our business partners and motivate them to adhere to the same standards we do. Conflicts of Interest We require all directors, officers and employees to maintain high ethical standards in handling conflicts of interest.They should disclose any relationship with persons or firms with whom we do business (‘Business Partners'), which might give rise to a conflict of interest, to a supervisor. Such relations include in particular a relationship by blood or marriage, partnership, participation or an investment in Business Partners. Fair Competition We are committed to free enterprise and fair competition. Company business must be conducted solely on the basis of merit and open competition. We will hire suppliers, agents or their intermediaries only by fair assessment.We are legally bound to make business decisions in the best interests of the company, independent of any understanding or greement wit h a competitor. As a result, the company and its employees will avoid any conduct that violates or might appear to violate antitrust laws. Bribery and Corruption We trust that the excellence of our services is the key to our business success. Therefore we will deal with all our customers, suppliers and government agencies in a straightforward manner and in compliance with international anti-bribery standards as stated in the Global Compact and local anti-corruption and bribery laws.This includes any transaction that might appear to be arranged for granting concessions or benefits. Gifts and Benefits Employees should not solicit services, gifts, or benefits from customers or suppliers that influence or appear to influence the employee's conduct in representing the company. Gifts and entertainment may be exchanged at a level that does not exceed customary local courtesies extended in accordance with ethical business practices and applicable law.In case of doubt, employees should consu lt with their supervisor or the HR department. Business Secrecy, Data Protection/Privacy Our employees shall not disclose information that is not known to the general public for personal gain or the benefit of anyone other than the company. Such information includes technical data, financial data, operating data, customer information, memoranda and other information regarding the company's business and operational activities and future plans.Employees will adhere to relevant laws and company regulations with respect to personal data, such as data protection guidelines and policies, e. g. DPDHL Privacy Policy for international data transfers. Processing of personal data of natural or where applicable legal persons must be based on legitimate grounds in line with the applicable laws. Our Social Responsibility Communities We are committed to supporting the communities in which we work and recognize the need to contribute to their well-being with our know-how and professional skills.Res pect for and understanding of the different cultures and a sensitive manner of dealing with their key issues is of highest importance to us as it builds trust and credibility within our international environment. We have and will continue to support community development as a sponsor in partnerships with non-government organizations and charities in accordance with our community investment policy. We recognize that we are measured by our actions outside the workplace and therefore call on our employees to respect the local culture and understand the issues of communities where they work.Environment We acknowledge the impact of our business activities on the environment and are committed to improving our environmental track record through precautionary measures and the use of environment-friendly technology. We regularly assess and monitor our impact on the environment. By systematically identifying and leveraging potential ecological initiatives, we strive to support constant improv ement of our environmental performance and the increase of efficiency in our resources. This includes environmental audits and risk management.We want to measure our processes and services against the highest quality standards. National and international environmental standards – such as the ISO 14000 standard series – shall be our guiding principles. As a corporate group, we advocate and support the dissemination of environmentally and socially exacting standards throughout the world. We consider our employees' commitment and active involvement to be an important platform for our efforts and a significant source of innovation.Related Policies and Regulations, Local Codes The Code of Conduct sets the principles for all policies and regulations of Deutsche Post DHL. Local or business-related policies will provide more specific guidance. Divisions, business units, regional entities and companies of Deutsche Post DHL may adopt their own local codes, incorporating the subs tance of the Deutsche Post DHL Code of Conduct but modified to reflect requirements of local laws and regulations or the social customs and characteristics of their business operations.Such local codes may include additional, specific standards. However, in no event will any term contradict or be more lenient than this Deutsche Post DHL Code of Conduct. All local codes shall be reviewed and approved by the Global Compliance Office. Please note the latest versions of the following regulations that complement the Code of Conduct: the anti-corruption and business ethics policy and the competition compliance policy.

Sex Industry

The term sex industry refers to the people and organizations that provide sexual products, services, or performances in exchange for monetary compensation. The term encompasses a variety of enterprises, including print, video, and Internet pornography, prostitution, phone sex operations, sex shops, massage parlors, and strip clubs. Those employed in the sex industry are typically known as sex workers and might include street prostitutes, call girls, escorts, strippers, exotic dancers, phone sex operators, brothel workers, erotic masseuses, and actors/actresses in pornographic films.The sex industry also includes the managers, staff, owners, producers, directors, photographers, pimps, madams, businesses, organizations, and enterprises that provide the infrastructure and support necessary to this multi-billion-dollar industry. As a male my outlook on the sex industry will be much different than if I were a female, due to the profession or the lack there of, being 80% female according t o The Spot Light on the Sex Industry by Patrick McDonald.In today’s society it is still considered immoral and illegal in most places to participate in the sex trade, although it has been around for hundreds of years. Contrary to the ugly stereotypes of prostitutes as fallen women, dope addicts, or disease carriers,* sex workers are women at work supporting children as single parents, trying to save money to go to school, surviving economically in a job market that underpays women at every economic level.Because of the nature of the sex industry, in which many enterprises are illegal or only semi- legitimate and in which much earnings and activity goes unreported, estimates of the scope of the industry are necessarily flawed. Nonetheless, all available data suggest that the sex industry plays a very significant role in the U. S. economy, as in other countries. Since the rise of video recording technology and home videocassette players in the early 1980s, the consumption of ha rd-core pornographic videos in the United States has increased dramatically.A federal study in the 1970s estimated that the total value of hard-core porn in the United States was under $10 million; by 1996 estimates indicated Americans were spending more than $8 billion per year on pornographic videos and magazines, sex shows, peep shows, and sex toys (Schlosser 1997). This figure included 665 million hardcore video rentals, $150 million spent on pay-per-view adult movies, and $175 million on pornographic movies viewed in hotel rooms.

Childhood obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Childhood obesity - Essay Example on, the parents can also benefit from the project since the children will be educated on how to include the whole family while planning the healthy meals. The project will utilize the education strategies that are easily understandable by the target population. The scholars will be taught how to make healthy food choices, based on the available food items in their localities. Concepts of balanced diets and portion sizes will be explained to them in simple ways that are easy to understand. The educators will use models of the Plate Method and Food Pyramid to explain portion sizes and different colors to represent the various food groups. For instance, the educators will use white to represent starches and carbohydrates, green for vegetables and golden brown for proteins. The educators will also include activities that help in the attainment of the project goals. For instance, the students will be taught how to make diet plans that include the correct portions sizes for each food group. They will also be shown the food options that are healthy, for example, whole grains instead of refined carbohydrates, unsaturated fats instead of trans-fats, etc. Exercises will be held after the teaching sessions to test their level of understanding and also to reinforce the knowledge acquired in the oral teaching sessions. Apart from designing meals, the students will be educated on the physiological consequences of taking certain foods. They will be taught on the roles of the different food groups in the body such as provision of energy, digestion and glycemic index. They will also be informed about the storage of excess energy and development of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity. However, the educators will ensure that they are keen to avoid using technical terms to facilitate easier understanding of the concepts. The project is important to the target population in several ways. First, it provides basic knowledge about proper nutrition

Term Project - Chapter 14 Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Term Project - Chapter 14 Summary - Essay Example Pioneers led a very harsh life. By 1840, the American population had extended across the Alleghenies (Kennedy and Cohen 288). The western landscape was shaped by the individuals who conquered it. The shapers included the farmers of tobacco who would use land to exhaustion then find new fertile places for their tobacco farming. In Kentucky, tall canes were burnt down to provide access to farm lands for tobacco after which â€Å"settlers soon discovered that when the cane was burned off, European bluegrass thrived in the charred cane fields† (Kennedy and Cohen 288). Trapping emerged as a lucrative business for fur trappers, which negatively impacted on the beaver population. Even though the invaders of the western lands cherished using the lands for production, it is also clear that aericans beheld the beauty of the land occupied by the natives. This is evident in the move of George Catlin, an artist, who painted a picture of the western landscape inhabited by the Native Americans (Agnew 9). Catlin’s proposal for national parks would see the creation of Yellowstone, the pioneer national park, i n 1872 (Kennedy and Cohen 290). Also, buffalo were also hunted for their valuable hides, which threatened their existence as their population fell through the eighteenth century. This event depicts rapid growth in population by mid-1800s. During 1840s and 50s, the Europeans were immigrating to Americas because Europe’s population was rapidly increasing creating pressure on land. The Europeans immigrants were in search of land to settle and also to evade the autocratic leadership that had impoverished them in the past. They were seeking a new start in their lives. Thirty three states had been formed by 1860, with the United States ranked third based on population. This population explosion led to increased outbreak of diseases and waning standards of living in the west. Many Irish, who were mostly Roman-Catholic, moved to America in 1840s following a significant

English - Tennesse Williams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English - Tennesse Williams - Essay Example The spiritual needs of an individual, as well as his moral principles and inner believes are relevant to this talented playwright. The most impressive characters of his plays are Maggie from  Cat on a Hot Tin Roof  and the character of Stanley Kowalski from the play A Streetcar Named Desire (Gross, 2002). Williams made an emphasis on the necessity to explore the inner word of people. All misfortunes come from human misunderstanding. This was his main claim and in such a way, there is a possible way to prevent blindness in the hearts of people in case they live in mutual understanding. He became popular in 1927, but his career was often criticized by his father, who worked at the international shoe company (Rogal, 1987). The prototypes of his main characters were taken from his life experience and his work at the International Company as well (September. On Stage, 1994). Williams is a deep and a profound philosopher and a psychologist of human souls. The best play was published in 1944 and it The Glass Menagerie. This play is referred to as the playwright's personal experience (Wolter, 1995). Williams had a strong-willed mother, who even allowed making a lobotomy to his sister Rose. Thus, Williams converges his life with his plays and mergers his plays with his life. That is his power. The Pulitzer Prize was acknowledged to him in 1948 for  A Streetcar Named Desire (Dowling, 1981). ... During the period of his depression he struggled with his drug and alcohol addiction. Like every talented man, he was searching for inspiration and his muse. Therefore, the plays of the playwright are full of in-depth considerations about the inner world of an individual. They are focused on negative sides of a human nature. The author thinks that in negative emotions an individual is able to perceive an outer world and his inner world better. His main characters experience degradation, moral challenges, problems of an individual’s choice and many other dramatic issues. His plays may be described as nightmares, because the author is not shy to depict the negative and destructing side of a human nature. His own anxieties are projected on his plays. Therefore, Williams considers emotions to be an integrative part of a human life. Emotions are fragile for him and there is a need to concentrate on them in order to perceive the essence of emotions and penetrate into the depths of a n individual’s inner world. Moreover, Williams underlined the privacy of emotions and there is a cruel outside world, where all people live. He often associated main characters of his plays with animals in order to show their emotions in a more acute manner. Animals are unable to analyze their emotions, but feel deep, as well as people do. Therefore, is not it surprising that all human beings are self-concentrated, but their selfish emotions contribute much to their self-analysis. Another interesting note to be made about Williams is to determine the role emotions played in his life. His family created a favorable atmosphere for his growing up and he was able to focus on his inner world and not on external turmoil. That is why Williams feels a nature of men and women, depicted in his plays

What does it mean to say of a piece of instrumental music that it has Essay

What does it mean to say of a piece of instrumental music that it has certain emotional qualities - Essay Example A musical instrument being an expression of emotion in a persona or number of characters, the listener is right to imagine, in accordance with the nature and development of the music, a persona undergoing an emotion or series of emotions, or a number of characters doing so. Hence, it can be said that the idea that the emotional qualities of music are such that they are liable to induce an emotional response in the listener. This liability in a musical instrument need not be thought of as a disposition of the emotional quality of a piece of music to arouse a corresponding emotion in listeners who perceive the quality. When it comes to the use of musical instruments, a very great deal depends on the correct conception of the emotions. A common view is the so-called cognitive theory of the emotions, which is adhered to by the principal of philosophical sceptic about music’s ability to arouse emotions of the garden variety. The cognitive theory exists in many forms, which differ in both the number and nature of the elements of which emotions are said to be composed. What is definitive of the theory is that it represents each type of emotion as being defined by a particular kind of proposition or thought plus some combinations of bodily sensations, he donic tones, and feelings. Therefore, when the emotion is experienced, prompted by something perceived, imagined, or thought about, it will have a real or imaginary object upon which it is directed, the emotion being about this intentional object (Lippman, 46). Scepticism about pure instrumental music’s ability to stimulate extra-musical emotions in a listener in an artistically relevant manner arises at once from the fact that music is a non-representational form of art, presenting no scenes or actions that the listener might respond to emotionally as the viewer of a film or the reader of a novel might. Although instrumental music is extremely limited in its imitative capacity, it may nevertheless produce all the effects of imitation. Instrumental music can excite different dispositions, but it cannot imitate them. Furthermore, instrumental music has certain instrumental intrinsic qualities of an emotional nature and that these qualities excite corresponding feelings in the listener. Instrumental music, it is claimed, operates at the emotional level by some systems of resemblances. Such psychological manifestations of emotional state are an extremely important stimulus in interpersonal interaction; sensitivity to them and interpretation of them are essential social skills. However, to explain emotional response to instrumental music as occurring solely in terms of iconic resemblances between features of the music and physical expressions of emotion, is under-representing the complexity of the response to this aspect of the music. Therefore, whatever the philosophical or semantic concerns, the implication of the much preceding evidence remains that we process emotion in musical sounds, whether vocal or instrumental, in the same way as vocalizations of affective state. The acoustic signals used in the production and perception of emotion in instrumental music appear to be the same as those used in vocal utterances, such as high intensity and harsh timbre for anger, low intensity and tempo and slow vibrato for sadness, whilst variation in timing and intensity typifies fear (Cochrane, Fantini & Scherer, 58) . The processing and production of instrumental music involves important social-emotional capabilities which can be evidenced by studies of performance of music by individuals with Williams syndrome, and autism. A well-known feature of

Expectancy theory in nursing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expectancy theory in nursing - Article Example There are three components of expectancy theory, which are expectancy, valence, and instrumentality. In expectancy, the belief is that the efforts of an individual’s determine their attainment of desired performance and goals. To do so, the individuals have to develop their self-efficacy by assessing whether they have the required skills and knowledge to achieve the desired goals. Goals difficulty occurs when the set goals are set too high or the achievement of the performance expectations are set too hard. This leads to low expectancy especially when the desired results of an individual are un-attainable according to the beliefs of the individual. An individual may also get the perceived control where they believe that there is some degree of control over their expected outcome. If such individuals believe that the outcome is beyond their perceived outcomes, then their ability to influence is low leading to low motivation. In instrumentality, individuals believe that they will receive a reward if they meet the performance expectations set. This may be in form of a promotion, salary increment, or recognition. Valence, on the other hand, is the individuals’ beliefs in the reward of certain outcome. It is based on their goals, motivational factors, and values. Expectancy theory is related to nursing management in that it allows the nurse managers to ensure that their employees are well motivated to maximize on their potential. It ensures that the nurse managers come up with policies to ensure that each successful outcome of the nurses’ performance is rewarded. They ensure that the efforts made by all the nurses will result into attainment of desired goals and objectives (Yoder-Wise, 2014). To do so, the nurses have to have the required belief in their ability to achieve the set goals and ensure that the goals set are not too high for the nurse to achieve. Â  

NASA General Aviation Propulsion (GAP) Diesel Engine Research Paper

NASA General Aviation Propulsion (GAP) Diesel Engine - Research Paper Example NASA’s General Aviation Propulsion (GAP), started in the 2000, is one of the programs that have pioneered to revolutionize the aviation industry and transform the development of engines of future. The aim of the program is to develop an innovative engine which ushers in affordability, comfort and reduced cost for the aviation industry. The new engine is to reduce noise and vibrations and load on pilot for monitoring the plane, thereby adding greater comforts to the passengers. The aim of the paper is to discuss on GAP programme implications in the aviation industry and describe the working and usage of two engines developed as a part of the project. The paper also analyzes the challenges faced during the development and aviation industry in general. The advantages of new engines in terms of cost and efficiency have been dealt in detail in the paper. The new programme has been developed by NASA in collaboration with Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiment (AGATE). The GAP engine runs on 200 HP, liquid cooled, two stroked engine that runs on jet fuel. The engine is expected to cost half the price of conventional engines of 200 HP. This would make the new engines a major success in terms of fuel efficiency by reduction in the dependency for leaded gasoline thereby improving maintenance, passenger comfort and ease of use. Teledyne Continental Motors, Aerosance Cirrus Design, Hartzell Propeller, Lancair and Mod Works together partnered with NASA to develop diesel engine, an advanced piston engine. Although being heavy diesel engines are the reliable engines which combine technologically advanced construction coupled with two stroke engine. The GAP diesel engines offers noise and vibration free facility to the passengers with low speed propellers, feasible technology to use. With less than one-fourth of fuel consumption as compared to the current engines, the new GAP engines offer reliability, comfort, and greater control over the design and process

The Problem of Old Harjo by John M. Oskison Article

The Problem of Old Harjo by John M. Oskison - Article Example The new generation of Native writers themselves was just as critical of missionary efforts. In 1907 John M. Oskison's story â€Å"The Problem of Old Harjo† explored the dilemma of a well-intentioned Christian missionary who believes she can convert an elderly Native. The difficulty is that Old Harjo is happily married to two wives, and forcing him to renounce either one would be â€Å"cruel and useless.† Though Harjo fervently seeks church membership, the missionary is sensible enough to doubt that demanding a separation â€Å"would in the least advance morality amongst the tribe, but I'm certain that it would make three gentle people unhappy for the rest of their lives.† In this instance at least, when Indian custom and missionary certainty come into conflict, the missionary must back down.   The problem of having to choose between two wives and two sets of values is not unique to the rising class of freed slaves. Native Americans commonly had more than one wi fe; this presented a problem for Native Americans as they were converted to Christianity and expected to conform to the rules of American society. Although the government would not honor such a marriage, they were emotionally and economically binding for the spouses.   In â€Å"The Problem of Old Harjo,† John Oskison, another Native American, addresses this issue. Harjo, like Old White Bull, has two wives. While this is the tale of conflict between Christianity and native traditions, it still offers tremendous insight into the emotional bond of marriage, even when more than two people are involved. Oskison builds credibility for the institution by first portraying the missionaries as superficially religious but not concerned with Harjo’s well-being—they are representatives of a church of â€Å"scandalized missionaries† (Oskison 967). While the missionaries are sarcastic with one another and worry only about sin, ignorance, bigamy, and moral rehabilitati on, Harjo is sincere in his acceptance of Jesus (ironically, the only truly crucial part of the missionaries’ teachings) and is sincere in his love and responsibility for both of his wives.   

Abraham Maslow Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Abraham Maslow - Research Paper Example Though he focused on political and religious material, but worked thru issues about senses, imagination, knowledge, language, and passions. Other contemporary philosophers (Munger, 2003) like Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and G.W. Leibinz contributed in this progress by studying human mind’s relation to the body. Further development in psychology stressed interaction of physiology to psychology. Later development established psychology as science, and concluded that mental activity could be quantified thru research. Charles Darwin using the concept of principles of natural selection brought further development in psychology. Contribution of principles of the unconscious mind by Sigmund Freud laid the foundation of psychoanalytical model. Different fields of sciences, like education, anthropology, and medicine borrowed this model in their disciplines. In the 1920s and 30s American Psychologist John B. Watson (Munger, 2003) introduced a concept in psychology where he explained animal and human behavior thru environmental stimuli. According to his suggestion, psychology should involve solely with sensory stimuli and behavioral response. Others at the same time suggested that psychology should investigate human thought and behavior as a whole, instead of breaking it down into isolated instances of stimulus and response. The aforementioned discussion points out that psychology is a discipline that studies behavior of humans and other animals in their interaction with the surrounding world. Traditional concept of psychology is perceived thru restoring imbalanced mental activity to a normal condition. Traditional psychology did not pay much attention to the concept of human potential that conceals what humans can become. In other words, traditional psychology paid remarkably little attention to the psychological development of human, how to generalize it, and what mechanisms controls it. In the 1950s and 60s Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers developed a new conc ept of psychology (Boeree) that considered the psychological growth of people who are properly adjusted. This method is named as Humanistic Psychology, which asserts people make rational, conscious decisions regarding their lives and suggests that individuals tend to reach toward their greatest potential only after solving issues related to specific needs. Thus, this theory incorporates the possibility of human actualization into its practice. The aim of this work is to examine the life of Abraham Maslow, his concept of the model of human needs, its interpretation, analysis, and application. Abraham Maslow: Highlights from Biography Abraham Maslow, a son of Jewish Immigrant from Russia was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York and died in California on June 8, 1970 (â€Å"Abraham Maslow†). He passed a lonely childhood in massive studies. He graduated from a prestigious boys school in Brooklyn and continued his education at the College of the City of New York. Later he e nded up at University of Wisconsin and earned;

Esther and Book of Job Comparison Essay Example for Free

Esther and Book of Job Comparison Essay In one of the assigned readings, I came across story of a Jewish woman named Esther who had suffered from cancer. The uniqueness of her journey touched me incredibly when I learned about her own personal struggle with the disease. It is an amazing but sad story in the sense that Esther copes with her cancer in a shame related way, believing that she is suffering from her sins. Esther is unhappily married and ends up having an affair with her boss, and she perceives cancer as a punishment from God for her sin. As told in the story written by Dr, Jerome Groopman in book the â€Å"The Anatomy of Hope†, Esther waits quite a long time before seeking treatment, and her tumor is very large before she decides to receive medical attention. The author of the books shares his own experience as a resident in the hospital, getting into depth about her family issues, problems, and reactions to her illness. Esher’s character can be compared with similar reading from the bible called â€Å"Book of Job† in that both characters believe to be suffering by the hand of Satan, although this is not true in reality. In this particular reading, Satan comes to accuse wealthy Job before God. He insists that Job only serves God because God protects him, and Satan seeks God’s permission to test Job’s faith and loyalty. In Satan’s test, Job loses his wealth, family and health. Three of his friends come to try to comfort him and keep telling him that his tragedy is a punishment for past sins in his life. At this point, I was able to notice similarities to Esther’s experience in that she saw cancer as punishment for her infidelity. In the old testament of the Bible, Job’s friends tell him that he needs to remain humble and allow God to purify his life. Like Job, Esther is torn between believing in God’s punishment and willing to bet better. At first, she seeks the treatment way too late, but at least she does. She shares her secret with Dr. Groopman within a health venting session, also part of the healing process, and at this part we get to know Esther as a person not just as patient. Furthermore, after the dinner at Esther’s house and the significance of her husband’s prayer, Esther feels so guilty that she never follows up with her appointment and stops the rest of the treatment. Like Job, Esther is torn apart by her belief that she should suffer and often loses the will to place faith in God and hope for better health. The story of Esther ends tragically due to Esther’s unyielding feelings of guilt. She lost the battle with cancer and died after receiving treatment in the most advanced stage of the disease. On the other side, in the Bible, Job questions God and learns the valuable lesson about the sovereignty of God and his need to trust in Lord. After Job places trust in God, his prosperity and health returns. Here is where Esther and Job differ. While Job regains his faith and his prosperity, Esther is continually haunted by shame and consequently loses her health. I think that God’s desire was to purify Esther, and that could be reason behind her disease, but Esther not seeking treatment was her own negative way of coping with the sin. Esther did not believe in God’s will, for her to be purified, and she suffered until her death. In my opinion, Esther was so focused on the idea of punishment that she missed the whole point of purifying her soul. I think of God as the greatest, and it is hard for me to believe that our Lord would want Esther to suffer without the treatment. Job in the bible submitted himself to God and regained his lost goods, but Esther did what she believed was right but she ended up dying at the end. Esther did not want to receive chemotherapy thinking she did not deserve it, and her mind was full of doubt. Both characters achieved purity at the end, but Esther’s was not aware of it. She allowed punishment and suffering to continue. The lesson from the bible is that we need to trust and obey God. Some things cannot be thoroughly explained in human terms, but we still need to always submit to His good will.

Innovation and Change Management: Banqer

Innovation and Change Management: Banqer This study will focus on an online financial education software which is based in New Zealand. The study will highlight its mission, vision, objectives and its external environment. It will also outline impact of the internal environment and will lastly recommend certain new types of innovation that can be used by the company. History Banqer evolved out of the extensive rise of the financially illiterate children of the society which has ramifications with it. Banqer is a simulated online banking for classroom that provides helps on ecology for the kids in order to make them creative, curious and confident with money. It pays the students for providing positive behavior and completing the tasks that are assigned in the classroom (Banqer, 2017). With the students, they explore budgeting as they educate themselves with the valuable skills of their life by the management of their desks receiving payment for the privileges of the class. Students aging from 2 to 8 explore various topics that range from savings, interest, and tax to the insurance. Products and services Banqer allows the students to gain knowledge about the financial literacy responsibility in an extremely engaging and an immersive manner. As far as the product is concerned it is an online software which is concerned with education which the teachers and the students prefer (Banqer, 2017). Mission, Vision, objectives The mission lies in improving the financial capabilities of the entire world. Thus making the students well aware of the financial aspects. The vision statement is associating the teachers in order to make Banqer the best. The objective is to improve Banqers space within the domain of where they are positioned now and collaborating with certain movers and shakers in order to understand the worth and the potential of Banqer. Their goal lies in gaining direct experience in terms of education, technology, finance and design (Banqer, 2017). In the year 2016, the main focus of Banqer was in building partnerships both in the financial services as well as in the allied industries. The students in this industry were capable of buying and investing in the virtual properties as they might need to mortgage and earn rental income in order to pay off the amount they have borrowed. Political factors New Zealand has a stable government. Chances of success are huge. Special Education policy. Inclusive education system. Economic factors Resources are available abundantly due to the population of the country. The rate of unemployment is high against 99% literacy. Banqer promotes educational software by hiring skilled staffs. Social factors It is dependent on other countries for business. Spends a minimal amount on research and development. The banking system is strong. Technological factors Educational system is effective. Enrollment for Education Solutions (EES) to provide licensed software IT technology and the usage of Internet. Legal factors The government changes after every three years. Education Legislation Amendment Act 2016 to support digitalization in education sector Education Act 1989 beneficial universally Environmental factors The country has a unique ecological system. Latest technology has been adopted to keep the surrounding clean. Steps created to pollution free country Political factors When a certain company begins its business in this country, it takes into consideration political system, the economic stability along with the law and order of the country so that it can provide the economic strength to the trade and business. As New Zealand has a stable government so there is a huge chance of success due to the impactful rules and the regulations. Hence, the chances of Banqers success is immense. The New Zealand government had conducted changes in the education administration and introduced special education policy along with other policies (Ministry of Education, 2017). The policies and political stability of New Zealand would promote Banqer as the country aims to achieve inclusive education system (Banqer, 2017). Economic factors The economic condition of New Zealand is excellent with 3.5% GDP growth as in 2014 (Tradingeconomics, 2017). Due to the huge population of the country the resources are abundantly available. The products are economical in nature and are easily afforded by everyone. The unemployment is quite high at 3.5% in spite of literacy rate of 99% in the country. Banqer can easily appoint skilled staffs who are willing to work. The company would be able to promote the educational tool in the country to further literate children and decrease unemployment. Social factors The social system of New Zealand is such which is dependent on business with the other countries.As it depends on other countries for technology so it makes them spend quite an amount on the work of research and development. As the banking system is extremely strong so allows foreign direct investment in the country (Banqer, 2017).   Banquer would be impacted by the social status of New Zealand as education imparted using technology would ensure welfare of the country. Technological factors The country has an effective educational system. With the help of the technological advancements it has introduced IT and the use of Internet which has helped Banqer in the provision of its service in this country (Richard, 2012). Due to the various online education facilities it has increased the rate if literacy to almost 99% which is more than most of the countries. Ministry of New Zealand had also launched a program named Enrollment for Education Solutions (EES) to provide licensed program for software which is beneficial for Banqer (Dashper, 2017). Legal factors As the government changes after every three years so there is an establishment of new laws and regulations (Moskovitz, 2016). The Education Legislation Amendment Act 2016 and Education Act 1989 positively impacted Banqer as educational institutes abide by the laws and plan and digitalized their educational status using software (Martin, 2016). Environmental factors People of New Zealand are well aware of the unique ecological system. People have adopted the latest technology in order to cope up with the garbage and helps to not pollute the atmosphere (Crossley, et al., 2015). Certain initiatives are taken in order to make the country free from pollution and dust which is also abided by Banqer. The SWOT analysis is an effective framework to understand how a company in sector compare its internal and external conditions within an industry. Banqer as a startup has been effective in simulating financial exercises and helping students to gain literacy in the topic and subject. The following contains a brief discussion about its various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths The major strength of the start-up has been to understand the key to develop STEM (Science and Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) among school kids. In this regard, the company has tried to the bridge the gap that was noted in the endeavours to focus on these subjects in Australian and New Zealand school systems. Another major strength of the company has been word-of-mouth marketing that helped built its credibility, mostly because the teachers who had tried the system understood its ingenuity and efficiency (startupdaily, 2015). The company has also grown on the basis of its partnerships with renowned firms like those in real estate to develop modules for students and attract more kids who would be more interested in such subjects. What has also worked for Banqer is their simple pay model which starts at free of cost for the initial trial period after which 3.5 dollars are charged per student per semester, which can reduce down to 2 dollars if the student signs up for multiple semesters (stuff.co.nz, 2015). It has also partnered with Kiwibank in order to provide better flexibility to students who cannot support their subscription fees. Weaknesses One of the major weaknesses can be noted is the lack of diversification in the kinds of services that are offered. At present, the company is only focussed in the financing subject which could pose problems for the company. Another problem that can be noted is to rope in the appropriate investor for the project. The company is looking to reach a high saturation point before entering into other markets. In this regard, it is looking for investors who can form part of the team but also who need to understand the basic concept of the start-up and not meddle with the inherent strategy of the company. Another initial challenge that had proved to be a weakness in the past was to change the attitude of the schools and parents. While expanding, such a challenge can also be felt in other countries as well. Opportunities: The opportunities for the company have already been identified by one of the co-founders, Kendall Flutey. She has noted that the opportunities lie in expanding the services on a global scale starting with Australia and moving on to the United States. She has also noted that since United States place emphasis on financial based learning, it would be profitable for the business to consider expanding there (Robson, 2016). While finding investors can be an issue while expanding, crowd-funding might also be looked into as a possible source of investment and finding the right of investors who are as motivated on making education convenient rather than making profits. Threats The biggest threat is possibly the over-dependence on the online medium as with the various technological advances, there are several ways, nowadays, in which hackers might interrupt and pose problems for the company and the novelty which had made it successful in the first place. The novelty that has worked for Banqer can also change quickly as more companies see the profit generating capabilities and develop their own versions and certainly with technological advances, there might be better options as well. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Focus on bridging the gap. Valuable partnerships Earning credibility through word-of mouth Lack of diversification in the product range. Getting like-minded investors. Different approach to education can prove to be problematic Expansion Crowd-funding. Over-dependence on the online medium Technological advances Replication by other companies. With the considerable advances in the technological aspects and the ways in which communication is being impacted all over the world, it would be particularly relevant for the company to administer certain changes and develop modules that are more student specific. One of the recent developments that have been made is the CV writing and application process that the company is providing within simulated environments (McNicol, 2016). What is really interesting to note in this regard is the emphasis on student-teacher interaction which is the value of this innovation to the organization. However, the modules and the courses can be noted to be developed on a comprehensive level, and probably it would be hugely beneficial if specific modules are created keeping in mind the specific abilities and needs of the students. Another important aspect has been the developments in the curriculum innovation that is changing the education on global levels. What had been considered to be the most important subjects in school are now being regarded as auxiliary to the main subjects. So, it would be a naturally evolutionary process to incorporate the various developments that are being made all around the world in order to stay updated with the recent developments. The most effective strategy to motivate the innovation would be to develop a basic plan that is flexible in order to incorporate the changes that are being made on a daily basis. In this context, it can be recommended that the company regularly set up meetings with the schools and the educational experts in order to gain a more comprehensive knowledge about the developments that are being made on a global scale. Also, in order to incorporate the changes that are required to be made in terms of providing personal assistance, it would probably be recommended to set up one-to-one sessions with the students in order to understand their personal lacks and how those can be overcome through effective sessions. The task might be tedious at first, but the whole process can be streamlined if teachers are integrated within the system and involved. Banqer has been one of the most efficient online programs in the recent past that has sought to redefine financial literacy for the students. It has been successful in the New Zealand market and hopes to expand. However, the threats of replication can be major problem. In this regard, the company can start innovating and customize their modules to suit the needs of the students.

Bruce Springsteens Born In The Usa Music Essay

Bruce Springsteens Born In The Usa Music Essay My pod cast is about Bruce Springsteens song Born in the U.S.A. written and performed by himself in 1984. Taken from the album of the same name, it is one of his best-known singles.Magazine Rolling Stone'(ikona) ranked the song 275th on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2001. It is a verse-chorus song played in 120 bpm for 112 bars in 4/4. Without any modulations the key signature is 5 sharps so we are in B major scale. There are some changes in the form as we going in the middle part of the song, the third chorus is instrumental, verse number 4 has three lines of lyrics and verse number 5 has only 2 lines instead of 4. Harmony rhythm performance According to Springsteen (Ikona), Born In The USA was one of those songs that came out of nowhere and took very little time to record. It was a bit ironic, then, that his biggest hit ever, was one of the most musically simplistic tunes the band ever produced. Born in the USA is revealed with its very first notes, which unveil the two key elements that will drive the entire song: a synthesizer previews the vocal melody of the iconic chorus, while Max Weinbergs (ikona tou) drums lay down a hard-driving, straight-ahead beat. Weinberg said that The percussion work at the outset of the song, might almost be called caveman drumming. A thunder crack snare drum underscores one of the most catchy intros ever with Weinberg simply taking a ferocious whack at the snare drum on beats 2 and 4. About a minute into the track, Weinberg finally kicks in, adding chaotic fills as the song developsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Whatever he does he never stops crashing snare hits on 2 and 4 remain the songs steady rhythmic essence right through to the end. The drum solo towards the end of the song was completely improvised. Drummer Max Weinberg said that the band was recording in an oval-shaped studio, with the musicians separated into different parts. Springsteen at the front, suddenly turned towards to him after singing and waved his hands in the air frantically, to signal drumming. Roy Bittans (ikona) synthesizers arent much more subtle than Weinbergs excellent work on the drums. I said, Roy, get this riff!. He just pulled out that sound on the synthesizer . We played it two times and our second take is the record. Springsteen. No matter what else is going on in the song- whether Weinberg is banging away only on the backbeat or filling in the beat, whether the bass and guitars are wailing away or holding quiet, whether Springsteen is singing verses or chorus or nothing at all, Bittans synthesizers are repeating the same five notes, over and over again, Echoing almost exactly the vocal melody of the chorus(ikona 1,2), humming the iconic tune from the songs very first note. (ikona)The combination of Weinbergs drumming and Bittans mesmerizing synth line , made this song so powerful and unforgettable and that is my last point, Born in the USA may be one of the least interesting, or at least, one of the least complex, musical compositions E Street Band ever wrote, but the simple, hard-charging instrumentation provided by Springsteen perfectly matches with his almost screaming vocals with the great meaning of his misunderstood lyrics. . (ikona me to refren) Part 1 kai dio Melody(ikones) Continuing with the melody we can see that it is stable all the time as the vocal line starts and ends every time in the 3rd or the 5th interval of the key both for verses and choruses.(ikones) Second part On the other hand it is noteworthy to have a look in the background and the affects of this song to the listeners. Born In The USA, the title track of Springsteens mega-selling album(ikona), was much misunderstood. Accused at the same time of being repulsively nationalistic, and viciously Anti-American, the track was endorsed by many conservative politicians of the united states and the prime minister, Ronald Reagan(ikona tou), as an exemplar of classic American values whilst the bitter lyrics actually cast a shameful eye on how America treated its Vietnam veterans. Bruce Springsteen received a Kennedy Center Honor on the 7th of December 2009 by the president of the US Barrack Obama who stated: , Im the president, but hes The Boss.(kona) According to Springsteen a lot of people, think at the beginning, that its a rallying call for the flag and the nation and patriotism, and when you start to listen to the message in the song you realize theres another meaning going on in there. (IKONA TOU) Heres a small part of Glen Becks radio network on March 11, 2010, talking about Born in the usa (ixos ikona) Who could imagine that Springsteens trademark song has also been his most misunderstood Springsteen also explained the origin of the title, In 1981 director Paul Schrader (ikona tou) sent me a script called Born in the U.S.AHe wanted me to come up with some music for the film. But the script sat on my writing table until one day I was singing a new song I was writing called Vietnam. I looked over and sang off the top of Pauls cover page, I was born in the U.S.A. Lyrics Ok. Now Lets have a quick thought about the meaning of some lyrics. Born down in a dead mans town The first line of the song is about Bruce springsteens town Long Branch in New Jersey which by the 80s Was one of the dead mans towns, because of the collapse of the industrial economy And the economical depress they were suffering So they put a rifle in my hand Sent me off to a foreign land To go and kill the yellow man Those lines referred to those soldiers who were forced to go to Vietnam and fight for their country without being proud for it. Come back home to the refinery Hiring man says Son if it was up to me Returning to America, the soldiers were spat upon and hated for doing what they were forced to do. Vietnam Veterans Committee in US declares that, Today, one-third of the homeless are Vietnam vets Went down to see my V.A. man He said Son, dont you understand I had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong Theyre still there, hes all gone He had a woman he loved in Saigon I got a picture of him in her arms now In those lines we can find the reason why springsteen wrote a song about the Vietnam. Too many people lost their lives, too many people injured for no reason .Khe Sahn was a small village and the site of one of the bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War. VA are the initials for Veterans administration which was the responsible agency for providing healthcare and benefits to ex-soldiers. Down in the shadow of the penitentiary Out by the gas fires of the refinery Im ten years burning down the road Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go From these lines bruce springsteen wants to pass the message that nobody who has survived the Vietnam war manage to build his live again. Last line sets up a contrast with one of his earlier hits, Born to Run. The album was recorded on analog master tapes, and initially issued on both LP and cassette. The first version of that song was solo acoustic guitar demo at Springsteens home on 3rd of January, 1982 as part of the Nebraska album released later that year. However Springsteens manager and producer Jon Landau couldnt match the lyrics to the music with the rest of Nebraskas material so they decided for a revival of the song in 1982 with the E street band with completely different melody line and musical structure. Despite the fact that Discs previously had been imported from Japan, Born in the U.S.A. became the first compact disc manufactured in the United States by CBS Records in Indiana in September 1984. The album gained additional support from the fact of Springsteen having several singles on the charts at the time. The album spent 84 weeks on the Top 10.

English as the Official Language Essay -- Language

â€Å"Emblematic of the period, Theodore Roosevelt asserted in 1919: ‘We have room for but one language here, and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns out people as Americans and not as dwellers in a polyglot boarding- house’ † (Daniels, 8). The question that has been around for hundreds of years: â€Å"Should English be declared the official language of the United States?† is still a controversy - refighting the same old sociolinguistic issue of the 1970s. The increased concern with different languages was obviously related to the World War but also to the major shift in the quantity of immigrants to America. For centuries, the United States of America has been considered the ultimate country where dreams are made and a place where everyone wants to migrate to for better living standards. It is argued that dialectally diverse nations need a standard language to permit mutual understanding and in a global society, for instance, it is the whole world that can benefit from a national language. French as well as Latin once took on this role as an international medium of communication and in this era, as well as the future years, English is and should be the global voice. Three episodes are worth examining in order to highlight the importance of America adopting English as the official language. How do immigrants affect the United States? What does it mean to make English the official language? And what are the advantages of making English the answer to unity? Although English and immigrants from all over the world are different means of reasoning, these issues reveal that they could be used for similar purposes in justifying this research. The debate regarding immigrants has been around for over one ... ...998): Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Daniels, Harvey. Not Only English: Affirming America’s Multilingual Heritage. Illinois: Urbana, 1990. Print. â€Å"Immigration.† Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 2011. Print. Mujica, Mauro. â€Å"Why the U.S. Needs an Official Language.† World and I. 2003. Web. 15 April 2012 Nicolino, Nicole M. "?Por que no podemos leer en la biblioteca?: questioning the application of official English legislation to public libraries." Journal of Gender, Race and Justice. (2007): 1. Web. Pelofsky, Jeremy. â€Å" Number Of Illegal Immigrants In The U.S. Is Stable.† Reuters. N.p. 24 March 2012. Web. 31 March 2012. â€Å"Real Solutions For The Economy: Stop Illegal Immigration.† John Birch Society. Savvy panda, n.d. Web. 11 April 12, 2012. Vall, Sandra Del. Language Rights And The Laws In The United States. NY: Tonowanda, 2003. Print.

Free Essays - The Ideologies of the Brotherhood in Invisible Man :: Invisible Man Essays

The Ideologies of the Brotherhood in Invisible Man And he had hardly settled himself when he stared at my desk, saying, "What you got there, Brother?" and pointed toward a pile of my papers. I leaned slowly back in my chair, looking him in the eye. "That's my work," I said coldly, determined to stop any interference from the start. "But I mean that," he said, pointing, his eyes beginning to blaze, "that there." "It's work," I said, "all my work." "Is that too?" he said, pointing to Brother Tarp's leg link. "That's just a personal present, Brother," I said. "What could I do for you?" "That ain't what I asked you, Brother. What is it?" I picked up the link and held it toward him, the metal oily and strangely skinlike now with the slanting sun entering the window. "Would you care to examine it, Brother? One of our members wore it nineteen years on the chain gang." "Hell no!" He recoiled. "i mean, no, thank you. In fact, Brother, i don't think we ought to have such things around!" "You think so," I said. "And just why?" "Because I don't think we ought to dramatize our differences." "I'm not dramatizing anything, it's my personal property that happens to be lying on my desk." "But people can see it!" "That's true," I said. "But I think it's a good reminder of what our movement is fighting against." "No, suh!" he said, shaking his head, "no, suh!" That's the worse kind of thing for Brotherhood - because we want to make folks think of things we have in common. That's what makes Brotherhood. We have to change this way we have of always talking about how different we are. In the Brotherhood, we are all brother." I was amused. He was obviously disturbed by something deeper than a need to forget differences. Fear was in his eyes. "I never thought of it just that way, Brother," I said, dangling the iron between my finger and thumb. "But you want to think about it," he said. "We have to discipline ourselves.

Pilgrimages to Sacred Sites as Tourism Essay -- Tourism

In discussing the viewpoint that pilgrimage to sacred site is a form of tourism there are certain terms that require definition: pilgrimage, sacred and tourism. The Oxford English Dictionary, (OED, 2012) defines pilgrimage as ‘a journey undertaken to a place of particular significance or interest’. It is usually as an act of religious devotion, homage and respect and those on a pilgrimage are referred to as Pilgrims. Waterhouse (2009, p199) defines religion as ‘a system of practices, institutions and beliefs that provide meaning to life and death’. Waterhouse’s definition not only encompasses the five main religions but also the various sub divisions and alternative religions. Tourism is defined by OED (2012) as ‘the theory and practice of touring, travelling for pleasure’ and thus a person on tour is defined as a tourist. The OED (2012) defines sacred as ‘dedicated, set apart, exclusively appropriated to some person or some special purpose’. This essay will discuss the view that pilgrimage to sacred sites is a form of tourism by outlining the debates surrounding sacred sites and between different factions. The essay will then apply these arguments and ideas to Stonehenge and Avebury. It will also look at the associations of Pilgrimage and Tourism within the ideologies surrounding leisure and their application to Glastonbury. The definition of sacred as a place separate from the secular world has different connotations and meaning for different individuals and groups. The main academic argument is between the ideas that the site is inherently sacred or is the product of human effort. Eliade (1961) argues that the ‘manifestation of something of a wholly different order, a reality that does not belong to our world in objects tha... ...ity, pp.10-34 Pike, J. (2008), ‘Leisure, Laziness and feeling good’, in Brunton, D. (ed), Place and Leisure AA100 Book 4, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.3-10 Reader, I. (2012), ‘Pilgrims and Pilgrimage: place and Journey in Cultures and Faiths Worldwide’, available from http://www.york.ac.uk/projects/pilgrimage/content/faiths.html accessed on the 11/5/12 ‘Sacred Space and Landscape’ (2008) (aa100DVD Video), Milton Keynes, The Open University The Open University (2008), AA100 Illustration Book (Plates for Books 3 and 4), Milton Keynes, The Open University. Waterhouse , H. (2009), ‘The Dalai Lama’, in Moohan, E (ed), Reputations AA100 Book 1, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.197-229 Wolffe, J. (2008), ‘Tradition and Dissent in English Christianity’ in Price, C (ed), Tradition and Dissent AA100 Book 2, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp71-106

Nursing in the Future

Financial issues, healthcare policy changes, scarce resources, political issues and advancing technology on health care affect all areas of nursing, no matter how diverse the field is. In the practice of long term care and assisted living facilities, these issues are of major concern for many people. Trends that are seen in my current practice can help give hints to what is to come in the future. It seems like many health care facilities are always short on money, and so the number of patients per nurse increases so that the facility can make more money by having less nursing staff.When the work load increases on the nurses, there is a higher turn around for the nursing staff, and the facilities run into problems of being short staffed and overworked. In The Resilient Nurse, they explain that â€Å"rising patient acuity, rapid assessments and discharges, and increased service use by clients mean that nurses are dealing with sicker people who are likely to have multiple conditions th at may complicate both the treatment and the recovery† (3-4).A facility that is short staffed comes to the situation where there is more likely to be mistakes when the nurses are being asked to work more hours then they should to compensate. This happens in long term care consistently, it is as if more and more is asked of the staff in order to save a buck somewhere else. It is very hard on the residents as well due to the fact that they are at the end of their lives, can no longer work and usually have no money let. Long term care is very expensive and most of the time it completely wipes out the resident of all of their savings.I think scarce resources and advancing technology can sometimes go hand in hand. Supplies run short and it puts patients at risk if the proper supplies are not being used. Residents run out of things they need, or the facility has to be stingy with how many gloves they use when the really issue is patient safety. It is helpful in long term care when t he facilities develop committees that can the employees advocate for the residents. With the advancing technology through the years, more training on how to use new equipment is needed to ensure that the nurses are providing safe care.In a lot of discipline the nurses that are in practice are getting near retirement, and changes for them are hard to implement because they can be stuck in their ways. Many times it is hard on the nurses when there are policy changes because they are used to doing things a certain way and changing policies has a way of keeping nurses on their toes. Changing policies makes it important for nurses to be up to date on new evidence based practices so that they are able to keep up with the advancing times while maintaining a safe environment for patients.I like how Decision-Making in Nursing: Thoughtful Approaches for Practice sums up the idea that â€Å"without understanding nursing history, decisions are at risk of failing and repeating past errors† (26). Policy changes can be made for many reasons, but many times it is because it was found through evidence based practice that there was a safer and/or better way to go about the policy or that the policy no longer is relevant to the changing times. Times are changing and it has a major affect on long term care residents and nursing in general.Traditionally nursing has been a female dominated profession, but there have been many more men joining the ranks. The time and age were many residents grew up in people were very modest, and the largest population in long term care facilities are women, so it can be hard for them to adjust to a male nurse talking care of them or seeing them in such a vulnerable state. I see the impact of financial issues, healthcare policy changes, scarce resources, political issues and advancing technology on health care all of the time.

Motivation Essay

INTRODUCTION Motivation is the process of initiating and directive behavior base on the tenacity of effort to satisfy an personist address or extremity (Petri, 1991 Robbins et al, 2000 and Robbins et al, 2001). There argon two ne atomic number 18s to find outing cause, each of which has theories expanding to realise the temperament of pauperization. capability theories commission ones on what reminds an various(prenominal). In contrast to process theories of motivation which focus on how exclusive demeanour is motivated. This evidence go out focus on motivation in an educational context and the richness to impart opportunities and motivation for bookmans.The purpose of this prove is to present a theoretical over regard of the break differences amongst gist theories and process theories of motivation. past a class developed from a surmisal to be applied to an undergrad business course at Monash University. The motivational political program give fo cus on improving the valuatement technique utilise by lecturers and tutors (teachers) that lead motivate and better undergraduate assimilators accomplishment ability. The beat back leave behind be to encourage students to gain a better catch of the core concepts of business.Assessment in universities needs to be reshaped in separate to motivate students. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Content theories are withal referred to, as need theories. That is, motivational theories that look at what individual needs motivate and direct demeanor to act to special(prenominal) inclinations. Many early theories from the 1950? s, involve Maslows pecking order of needs, McGregors possibility X and Theory Y and Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory, established core concepts which surrender helped explain motivation in particular in an organisational raftting.McClellands three needs theory is a more(prenominal) than contemporary view on the content theory woo to motivation t hat focuses on three valuable needs in twist situations. from each one theory identifies individual needs in separate to understand behaviour. The main factors that be this approach is the need to understand that individuals effectuate out different needs, and what fuck be offered in response to these different needs as well as the wideness on the external croping environment to evanesce individuals the opportunity to satisfy their needs (Robbins et al, 2000, p558).An mannikin of a content theory of motivation is Douglas McGregor theory of the A? AA? A economic manA? AA? A. He proposed 2 secern views of human nature. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y suggested one ban (Theory X) and one positive (Theory Y) view on human bes. He concluded that a managers view of the nature of human beings is ground on a certain grouping of assumptions and that he or she tends to mould his or her behaviour towards employees match to these assumptions (Robbins et al, 2001, p199).The nega tive assumptions were labeled Theory X, which held four dominant assumptions of workers. Workers dislike work and go to great strengths to avoid it. ground on this it is believed that workers need to be punish with tight control systems in order for them to make cultures. In addition, workers lack obligation, consequently need formal directions from superiors to answer. Such Theory X workers are pre runly motivated by lower-order needs according to Maslows hierarchy for example they need security.In contrast, Theory Y assumes higher(prenominal) order needs dominate individuals. Thus, Theory Y workers enjoy responsibility where they grass exhibit self-direction and self-control. consequently, in order to motivate workers, mangers need to append a working environment that provides contest jobs and minimal formalisation. Applying this to an educational context, it locoweed be assumed that teachers backside either sire a Theory X or a Theory Y view of students. That is, tea chers can view students as A? AA?A sluggish or un-cooperative (Theory X) OR as being clever and work hard (Theory Y). Teachers that oblige a Theory Y approach, are more likely to be attuned to students needs, actively participate with students to growing student skill-development and tuition (OECD, 2000). It is important for teachers to become more student-centered. Therefore assessment must focus more on student development outcomes and students attitudes roughly what they are listening and their role in the education and learning process (Carey, Wallace and Carey, 2001).This can be better understood by considering process theories of motivation. Process theories of motivation facility out to explain how the great unwashed demand a course of action they provide pursue, not solely on individual needs like content theories. offset THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Despite the fact that content theories of motivation have helped many organisations understand employee motivation, many o f their concepts alone do not provide a comprehensive savvy of motivation. Therefore, the introduction of another approach to understanding motivation was brought approximately.Process theories of motivation attempt to explain the process of arousing behaviour, sustaining and regulating the pattern of behaviour (Ames and Ames, 1989). Theories include death picture, reinforcement, equity and prevision theory. These theories attempt to explain why people choose to behave in a certain personal manner and the reasons they react as they do (Robbins et al, 2000, p558). In contrast to content theories of motivation, which looked at what initiates behaviour to satisfy a need, this approach broadens the perspective of motivation. It looks at the central reasoning that influence individuals to behave and respond in a certain way.Therefore, motivating students by either punishing them to perform or encouraging self-direction, the remainder background signal theory, identifies underlyi ng factors that achieve a given over behaviour, which is the key to understanding the process approach to motivation. Goal riding horse theory states that specific and difficult goals, with goal feedback, sound to higher effect (Robbins et al, 2001, p770). That is, work motivation can be increased with goal specific directed behaviour. It also proposes that difficult goals, provided that the individual has accepted them, lead to higher exploit than general goals.However, feedback is essential in the motion of specific and difficult goals because feedback helps identify discrepancies amid what they have done and what they call for to do (Robbins et al, 2000, p559). In order to gain the slaying benefits of specific goals, feedback helps shape the individuals behaviour. Better still, self-generated feedback is a greater motivator as it allows the individual to monitor their arm. Robbins et al (2000) suggested that goal setting theory is best conform to to cultures were ther e is a moderate male monarch distance, low in uncertainty avoidance and high in quantity of carriage like Australia and New Zealand.These ensure a reasonable level of independence amongst individuals and those individuals leave alone not be threatened to carry on difficult goals. Also the importance of capital punishment is shared by all. In goal setting theory, the characteristics of a goal and attitudes towards it are thought to be influenced by incentives, self-perceptions and the manner in which the goals are set (Brotherton, 1999, p36). Therefore, in an educational context the teacher and student need to work in concert to determine behavioural strategies that will lead to effect.End-of course valuations conducted by Monash University A? AA? Aelicit students attitudes about instructors and the role that they play in the teaching/learning process (Carey, Wallace and Carey, 2001). Such instruments assess students motivation for learning and allow for constant course and program advancement. MOTIVATIONAL course Feedback from end-of course evaluations usually prompts an ongoing rendering of a course to the emerging learning needs of its students (Panasuk and Leabaron, 1999).It was found that students consistently show views that refreshing assessment motivated them to work in different ways (Sambell and McDowell, 1998). The aim in developing motivational course for undergraduate students will focus on assessment reform applying the goal setting theory. This proposition will encourage students to score specific goals, in hope that it will result in higher performance. The programme will involve students in their evaluation process in order to motivate them to actively participate in their skill-development and alter learning. Every act of assessment gives a message to students about what they should be learning and how they should go about it (Sambell and McDowell, 1998). The programme will suggest that goals based evaluation criteria will imp rove students motivation in repeal achieving a greater level of performance. The programme will focus on behaviour related to undergraduate business students at Monash University. It will include a poker chip scotch grading system that will be designed around behavioural objectives. The insure-mark systems sets a specific standard for entry quality, and instructors give a newspaper publisher a check mark when it meets the standard (Sorenson, smash and Hartman, 1993). Students are required to set their accept achievement goals, in terms of descriptors based on their overall subject result. That way they can evaluate their progress toward their goals on their own with each assignment mark. This necessitates define goals for oneself, using self-directed strategies to accomplish these goals, and assessing progress (Larsen and Thisted, 1999).The programme will involve behavioural objective questionnaires that will identify what the students want to achieve at Monash. This will include long-term goals (degree completion) as well as short-term goals (average subject result e. g. promissory note, right hand down to improving structure of writing). specify tasks in terms of short-term goals can help students to associate effort with success, notwithstanding of course long-term goals are also needed if students are to become lifelong learners (OECD, 2000, p. 31). It will also involve genial objectives (develop a good rapport with teachers). development behavioural objectives may help students head and structure their learning and may drive positive attitudes toward learning (Sorenson, Savage and Hartman, 1993). Also, they system behavioural objectives of each student, which are associated with goal difficulty. In addition, a student performance evaluation form is to be hand in with each assignment, outlining specific goals that the probe is to achieve. For example, good use of germane(predicate) and rate of flow references, each paragraph systemat ically colligate one to the other etc.Also the overall mark the student expects on the assignment based on their effort. From this teachers are to use the check mark system and self-evaluation system to grade the work. It is very important to give feedback, especially in relation to student evaluation forms outlining their objectives. Limited feedback such as heart well done or convey re-consider, needs to be more specific. legal feedback should provide shorthand comments, throughout the paper and on the marking sheet, clearly elucidate any issues. Such feedback is called evaluative feedback. evaluative feedback helps the individual understand the performance selective information by comparing it to standards or to the individuals own past performance (Larsen and Thisted, 1999). In addition, it is important to direct them where workable to achieve a higher mark, then feedback needs to be constructive. Constructive feedback is task-specific and focuses economic aid on the t ask (Larsen and Thisted, 1999). By cerebrate on the task and providing target objectives results in the achievement of more objectives (Sambell and McDowell, 1998).When students use the check-mark system, they can identify what they must do to achieve higher marks. Obviously, the goal difficulty set by students varies among the constraints of his/her ability. In this programme, it is important to provide specific feedback and include student association in selecting objectives. In light of this, between the behavioural objectives system, grading method and student outcomes, students should actually be motivated to increase performance under these systems. CONCLUSIONThe theoretical issues proposed in motivational theories such as the economic man developed by McGregor and the benefits of setting specific and difficult goals are important. The distinction on how they motivate an individual is a major influence on behaviour. Applying motivational theory to an educational context we convey our attention toward skill development, satisfaction and achievement. In developing a motivational programme, the focus was on assessment reform center on undergraduate business students at Monash University. Teachers and students need to work together in assessing ones performance.It is believed that individuals are mutually motivated to learn when they do not have to hero-worship failure, when they perceive what they are learning as being personally meaningful and relevant and when they are in respectful and corroboratory relationships with teachers (OECD, 2000, p29). Therefore, by using a goal setting approach to motivate students, student participation in selection of objectives in as research on the motivational value of goals, both the check-mark and behavioural/performance objective systems seem to motivate students to improve performance (Sorenson, Savage and Hartman, 1993).However, with todays rapid change and emergence of new knowledge and theory, universities wi ll have more concepts on which to build and develop on motivating the schools participants so as to obtain the best possible educational results (Panasuk and Lebaron, 1999). http//www. writing-expert. com/blog/sample-essays/essay-on-motivation. html